Garter Snake vs. Copperhead: Key Differences Explained

Waren Burn

2 min read

·

19-11-2024

26

0

Share

Differentiating between a harmless garter snake and a venomous copperhead is crucial for safety and responsible wildlife interaction. While both species inhabit similar environments across North America, several key features distinguish them. Understanding these differences can prevent unnecessary fear or dangerous encounters.

Physical Characteristics: A Quick Comparison

The most reliable way to tell these snakes apart lies in their physical attributes. While coloration can vary within each species, consistent features provide clear identification.

Garter Snakes:

• Slender Body: Garter snakes possess a long, slender body, noticeably thinner than a copperhead.
• Three Stripes: Typically, garter snakes display three distinct longitudinal stripes – one down the spine and one along each side. These stripes can be yellowish, greenish, or brownish, and may be broken or less distinct in some individuals.
• Pattern Variation: While the three-striped pattern is common, garter snake coloration can exhibit considerable variation. Some may have a more mottled or checkered appearance.
• Smaller Head: Their head is relatively small and not distinctly different from their neck.

Copperheads:

• Heavier Body: Copperheads are noticeably thicker and heavier-bodied than garter snakes.
• Hourglass Pattern: The most distinguishing feature is their distinctive hourglass-shaped, reddish-brown crossbands on a light brown or tan background. These markings are typically clear and well-defined.
• Copper-colored Head: As the name suggests, the copperhead’s head is often a distinct copper or reddish-brown color, clearly set apart from the neck. This is a crucial distinguishing feature.
• Heat-Sensing Pits: Though not always easily visible, copperheads possess heat-sensing pits between their eyes and nostrils, which helps them locate prey.

Behavioral Differences:

While physical characteristics are paramount, behavioral observations can also assist in identification:

• Garter Snakes: Generally less wary of humans and often found in more open areas, including gardens and near water sources. Their movements are generally quicker and more agile.
• Copperheads: Prefer more secluded habitats, such as rocky areas, wooded areas, and underbrush. They are more likely to remain still when encountered and are typically less aggressive unless provoked.

What to Do if You Encounter a Snake:

Regardless of whether you identify the snake as a garter snake or a copperhead, it’s crucial to maintain a safe distance. Avoid approaching or handling any snake. If you are unsure of its identification, it’s best to err on the side of caution and assume it may be venomous. If bitten by a snake, seek immediate medical attention.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for educational purposes only. While the characteristics described here are generally reliable, individual variations can occur. For definitive identification, it is recommended to consult with a herpetologist or other wildlife expert.